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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Biotechnology is defined as a set of techniques for industrial
exploitation of biological systems or processes. It encompasses
any technique that uses living organisms to make or modify
products, to improve plants or animals or to develop microorganisms
for specific uses and involves applying molecular and cellular
biology, plant, animal and human genetics and immunology in
order to create new products. Conventional techniques of producing
biotechnology products, using traditional microbiological
fermentation, have evolved with the development of modern
technologies. Modern biotechnology entails use of cell fusion
techniques (use of information technology for documenting
bio-diversity and study DNA structures), genetic engineering,
structure based molecular design and recombinant DNA technology
(insertion of foreign gene) and hybridoma technology (fusing
and multiplying cells). Biotechnology has transformed many
parts of the chemical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
After becoming an IT bellwether, India is now shifting its
focus to the next promising industry, biotechnology. Numerous
companies have sprung up to take a piece of the exponentially
growing biotech market. The ever-decreasing physical boundaries
enable biotech companies to tap large markets around the world.
India to this extent holds a good advantage over other countries.
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